Networking Basics Info...
Network Topologies:
Star:
In star network, each node or
workstation is connected via a point-to-point link to a central
point like led hub, multi port repeater,
or concentrator. In this topology if one node or computer
doesn’t function it will not affect the others. But is the
central point is affected or stops functioning than whole
network will stop work.
Ring:
Ring network consists of nodes
that are joined by point-to-point connection to form a closed
loop or ring. Each packet is sent around the ring until it
reaches its final destination. In this type of network each
computer has equal access to resources. The disadvantage of this
type of network is that If one workstation or port goes down,
the entire network
gets affected and also the data transfer rate is slow as
compared to others.
Bus:
In this topology all stations are
attached to a single cable. This network can still function if
one of the computers malfunctions. It does not rely on central
host.
Hybrid:
Hybrid networks use a
combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the
resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard
topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.).
IP
Addressing:
An IP address is an address used in
order to uniquely identify a device on an IP network. An IP
address can be private - for use on a local area network (LAN) -
or public - for use on the Internet or other wide area network
(WAN). There are two IP addressing: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4
addresses consist of four bytes (32 bits), while IPv6 addresses
are 16 bytes (128 bits). In IPv4 there are five classes:
A
class (0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255), B class (128.0.0.0 to
191.255.255.255), C class (192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255), D
class (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) and E class (240.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.255).
Subnet Mask:
A
subnet mask helps to know which portion of the address
identifies the network and which portion of the address
identifies the node. Class A, B, and C networks have default
masks, also known as natural masks:
Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 255.255.255.0
Practice Test Exam